“Balkanisation” ya DR Congo, cyangwa gucamo iki gihugu indi leta yigenga mu burasirazuba, ni ingingo yavuzwe cyane mu mu mwaka wa 2020 Perezida Felix Tshisekedi amaze umwaka umwe atorewe kuyobora iki gihugu.
Martin Fayulu, umunyapoliti wari umaze gutsindwa amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu tariki ya 13 Mutarama 2020 yabwiye abanyamakuru i Kinshasa ko uyu mushinga ugeze kuri 70% utegurwa ngo ujye mu bikorwa.
Icyo gihe yashinje Perezida Tshisekedi kuba inyuma y’uwo mugambi afatanyije n’ibihugu bikomeye ndetse n’ibyo mu karere. Fayulu umenyereweho imvugo zibasira u Rwanda afatanyije na Cardinal Fridolin Ambongo wa Kinshasa bavuze ko Tshisekedi ari kugambanira igihugu afatanyije na bamwe mu banyapolitiki bo mu Rwanda na Uganda.
Icyo gihe umunyamategeko akaba n’umusesenguzi wa politiki Nixon Kambale yabwiye igitangazamakuru cya BBC ko ‘Balkanisation’ ya DR Congo “ishoboka, kandi idashoboka”.
Kambale yavuze ko ‘balkanisation’ ya Congo ishoboka kuko hari amoko y’abanye-Congo agenda yimuka afite intwaro ajya ahantu hamwe cyangwa ahandi mu burasirazuba, agaragaza gushaka kwigenga. Yemeje ko byabaye muri Beni na Boga.
Ati: “Ibi kandi byabaye muri teritwari ya Djugu muri Ituli aho abantu b’aborozi mu bwoko bwa Mbololo bimukanye amatungo yabo kandi banafite intwaro.
“Wakwibaza ngo ni gute aborozi bimuka bakava aha bakajya hariya bafite intwaro leta ntigire icyo ikora?
“Ibyo byose n’ibindi bishyirwa hamwe bigatuma bamwe bemeza ko hari igice cya Congo gishobora kuyivaho, aho rero nibwo habaho ‘balkanisation'”.
Uyu mugambi uhuriye he n’intambara ya M23?
Abarwanyi ba M23 bakomeje intambara barwana na leta ya Congo, bavuga ko barwanira uburenganzira bw’Abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda bakandamijwe ndetse bakimwa uburenganzira nk’ubw’abandi benegihugu.
Ubu habarurwa impunzi z’Abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda zirenga ibihumbi 200 zirimo ibihumbi 100 ziri mu Rwanda gusa.
Abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda biganje mu ntara ya Kivu ya ruguru na Kivu y’Epfo, biravugwa kugeza ubu M23 yamaze gufata ubuso burenga 70% bw’intara ya Kivu ya Ruguru ndetse ikaba ari nayo ibugenzura mu kubyemeza uyu mutwe w’abarwanyi tariki ya 23 Mutarama 2023 washyizeho ubuyobozi bwo kuyobora Teritwari ya Rutshuru.
M23 isaba leta ya Congo gucyura ibihumbi by’impunzi z’Abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda ndetese igashyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo kubacungira umutekano ko ibyo ntibidakorwa yo izishyiriraho uburyo bwo kuwicungira.
Ubu buryo nibwo abenshi babona nko gufata Kivu zombi zikaba igihugu kigenga ndetse ko aribyo Martin Fayulu yavugaga ko bigeze kuri 70% bishyirwa mu bikorwa.
Tariki 2 Mutarama 2024 umuyobozi wa M23 Bertrand Bisiimwa yaciye amarenga ko ibice bamaze gufata byamaze kwiyomora ku gihugu, icyo gihe mu itangazo yasohoye yavuze ko ibice bafashe bitarebwa n’amabwiriza ya guverinoma ya Kinshasa.
Iryo tangazo ryagiraga riti “Tshisekedi n’ubuyobozi bwe bwanze gukemura ikibazo cy’umutekano muke, icy’iterambere no guteshwa agaciro biri mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, binyuze mu biganiro nk’uko byemejwe n’abahuza.”
Ikindi bahisemo kwima uburenganzira miliyoni z’abaturage batuye muri Teritwari ya Rutshuru, Masisi na Nyiragongo, babuzwa gutora abayobozi babo. Ibi bikaba bituma ntaho abari muri ibi bice bahuriye n’ibyavuye mu matora, bityo Tshisekedi akaba adafite ubushobozi kuri utu duce.”
Balkanisation iva he?
Iri jambo rikoreshwa kuva mu myaka ya 1830 ubwo icyitwaga ’empire Ottoman’ cyari giherereye k’umwigimbakirwa (peninsula) wa Balkan cyagiye gicikamo ibihugu birimo Ubugereki, Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Croatia, Macedonia…kugeza mu 2008.
Nixon Kambale avuga ko ‘balkanisation’ yavuzwe bwa mbere muri Congo mu 1960 na guverinoma ya mbere yari iyobowe na Patrice Lumumba ubwo habaga ibikorwa byo gushaka kwigenga kwa Kasai na Katanga.
Ku butegetsi bwa Mobutu habaye kugerageza kwigenga kwa Kasai, intambara ya Shaba, intambara eshatu za Moba, intambara y’i Bukavu, intambara ya ba Mulele… Ibyo byose byatumaga abategetsi ba Congo icyo gihe kimwe n’ab’ubu bakomeza kuvuga ‘balkanisation.
