Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994 igahitana imbaga isaga miliyoni, byabaye ngombwa ko abayigizemo uruhare bahanwa kugira ngo bitange isomo ku isi yose. Izo manza mu Rwanda zarabaye, cyane cyane hifashishijwe inkiko Gacaca.
Ku bari barahungiye hanze y’igihugu, bamwe barafashwe boherezwa mu rukiko mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) rwakoreraga Arusha muri Tanzaniya. Uretse abo, hari abandi bagiye bafatirwa mu bihugu bari barahungiyemo. Tugiye kubaha incamake y’imanza z’abamaze kuburanishirizwa hanze y’u Rwanda bashinjwa kugira uruhare muri Jenoside.
1. SIMBIKANGWA Pascal
- Aho urubanza rwabereye: I Paris mu Bufaransa
- Incamake y’urubanza:
Nyuma y’imyaka 20 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ibaye mu Rwanda, umwe mu bashinjwa kuyigiramo uruhare ndetse akaba yarabihamijwe n’urukiko rwa rubanda rw’i Paris mu gihugu cy’u Bufaransa, Capitaine Pascal Simbikangwa yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25, akaba afunzwe kuva muri 2014.
Uru rubanza rwabaye agatereranzamba, dore ko ari rwo rwari rubaye urwa mbere rujyanye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rubereye mu Bufaransa, nubwo ibirego bya mbere byari byaratanzwe mu 1995.
Pascal Simbikangwa wari inshuti y’akadasohoka ya Habyarimana
Pascal Simbikangwa wari umukozi w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Iperereza ku ngoma ya Habyarimana, yahungiye muri Mayotte mu 2006. Yafashwe mu 2009 nyuma y’uko bisabwe n’Ihuriro ry’imiryango iharanarira ko abakoze Jenoside bagezwa imbere y’ubutabera (CPCR) risaba ko yaburanishwa ku byaha yashinjwaga bya Jenoside n’ibyibasiye inyokomuntu. Uru rubanza rwari rukomeye kuko rwari gutanga amasomo menshi yakwifashishwa mu manza zagombaga gukurikiraho zirebana na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, ndetse n’izindi manza mpuzamahanga. Ibyo byasabaga abacamanza b’abahanga ndetse n’ubushobozi buhagije.
Mu gihe cy’ukwezi n’igice, Urukiko rwa rubanda rw’i Paris rwateze amatwi abarokotse Jenoside, abahagarariye inyungu z’abarokotse, impuguke, inzobere mu mateka ndetse n’abanyamakuru bose bari bagamije ko uru rubanza rutanga isomo ku zizakurikiraho zose
Pascal Simbikangwa ni muntu ki?
Pascal Simbikangwa yavutse mu 1959, avukira i Rambura ku Gisenyi mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda. Yinjiye mu ngabo zirinda umukuru w’igihugu mu 1982 kugeza mu 1986, gusa nyuma yaho yakoze impanuka amugara amaguru atangira kugendera mu kagari, gusa ntibyabujije ku umwaka ukurikiraho yashinzwe kuyobora iperereza rya gisirikare (G2). Mu 1988 yagizwe Diregiteri muri Serivisi y’igihugu yari ishinzwe Iperereza, ikaba yari ishamikiye kuri Perezidansi, ndetse nyuma y’imyaka 4 agirwa ushinzwe ishami rishinzwe kuyungurura amakuru yavuye mu butasi. Yari azwiho kuba inshuti magara ya Perezida Habyarimana, ndetse ngo akaba yaramufataga nk’umubyeyi we, nk’uko umwe mu bahanga mu bijyanye n’indwara zo mu mutwe yabigaragaje ubwo yatangaga ubuhamya mu rukiko.
Kubera ubutoni bwe kwa Habyarimana, ubwo yakoraga impanuka yagiye kuvurizwa mu Bubiligi amarayo igihe. Ikindi ni uko yagiraga abamurinda 2 banagumanye muri Jenoside, imodoka y’akazi, inzu yo kubamo atishyura…kubera agaciro yahabwaga, ntihigeze hitabwa ku giciro ibyo byasabaga.
Amatariki y’ingenzi arebana n’urubanza rwe:
- 3 Werurwe 2008:Leta y’u Rwanda yasohoye impapuro zisaba ko yatabwa muri yombi.
- 30 Gicurasi 2008:Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’u Bufaransa gishinzwe kurengera Impunzi (OFPRA) cyamwimye ubuhungiro yari yasabye.
- 8 Ukwakira 2008:Yafatiwe muri Mayotte azira ibyangombwa by’ibihimbano, afungwa by’agateganyo tariki ya 31 Ukwakira 2008.
- 13 Gashyantare 2009:Ihuriro ry’imiryango iharanarira ko abakoze Jenoside bagezwa imbere y’ubutabera (CPCR) ryasabye ko hatangira anketi ku byaha Simbikangwa yashinjwaga birimo icya Jenoside no kwibasira inyokomuntu.
- 9 Mata 2009:Umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Mayotte yatangije iyo anketi ndetse hashyirwaho ubishinzwe by’umwihariko.
- 16 Mata 2009:Yitabye ubutabera bwa mbere ndetse ahita afungwa by’agateganyo.
- 3 Kamena 2009:Urubanza rwe rwoherejwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’i Paris.
- 4 Gashyantare 2014 – 14 Werurwe 2014: Nyuma y’imyaka 4 abashinjacyaha bagishakisha ibimenyetso ndetse harimo no kuza mu Rwanda inshuro 4 gushaka amakuru, urubanza rwa Simbikangwa rwamaze kiriya gihe ruburanishwa, rusomwa tariki ya 14 Werurwe 2014.
- NGENZI Octavien na Tito BARAHIRA
- Aho urubanza rwabereye: I Paris mu Bufaransa
- Incamake y’urubanza:
NGENZI Octavien na Tito BARAHIRA bombi babaye ba Burugumesitiri b’iyahoze ari Komini Kabarondo mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo, mu burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda. Nyuma yo gukatirwa n’Urukiko, tariki ya 2 Gicurasi 2018 barajuriye ariko biba impfabusa, dore ko byarangiye bahamwe n’ibyaha bashinjwaga bifitanye isano na Jenoside bityo ku itariki ya 6 Nyakanga 2018 bakatirwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Aba bombi bari barafatiwe mu Bufaransa.
Ngenzi Octavier na Tito Barahira bombi babaye ba Burugumesitiri ba Komini Kabarondo
Abo bagabo bombi bashinjwaga by’umwihariko guhagarikira Interahamwe mu nama yazihurije mu mujyi wa Kabarondo, tariki ya 13 Mata 1994, bagategura uburyo bagombaga gutsemba Abatutsi bagera ku 3500 bari bahungiye mu kiliziya cya Kabarondo no mu nkungero zaho. Umwe mu baharokokeye wanatanze ubuhamya mu rukiko, we yanavuze uburyo Tito Barahira yishe Abatutsi 2 areba mu rwego rwo gushishikariza abandi gutangira ‘’akazi’’.
Tito Barahira ni muntu ki?
Barahira yavutse mu 1951, ubu afite imyaka 72. Avuka mu muryango w’abahinzi, ariko nyuma yo kwiga yabaye umwarimu. Nyuma y’aho Habyarimana afatiye ubutegetsi mu 1973, yahawe akazi muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko na Siporo ashinzwe urubyiruko. Kuva mu 1976 kugeza mu 1986, ubutegetsi bwamugize Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kabarondo. Ibyo byahise binamugira ako kanya umuyobozi wa MRND. Kuva mu 1987 yagiye gukora muri Electrogaz.
Ubwo ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zari zakajije imirwano zotsa igitutu iza Habyarimana kugira ngo zihagarike jenoside, Barahira na we yahunganye n’abandi ajya mu Burundi, nyuma yaho akomeza mu nkambi ya Benako muri Tanzaniya. Yahamaze imyaka, nyuma ajya i Nairobi muri Kenya. Umugore we yagarutse mu Rwanda, ariko nyuma gato mu 1997 yatse ubuhungiro mu Bufaransa, ndetse umuhungu we amusangayo mu 2001.
Tito Barahira yaje kubasha kugera mu Bufaransa kuri Noheli ya 2004, ndetse ahita abona akazi mu Kigo gishinzwe Imyigishirize giherereye i Toulouse, ariko kuko yari yarashyiriweho impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi, yaje gufatwa ku itariki ya 3 Mata 2013.
Octavien Ngenzi ni muntu ki?
Octavien Ngenzi yavutse mu 1956 (ubutabera bwo mu Bufaransa bwo buvuga ko yavutse mu 1958). Yize ibijyanye n’ubuhinzi, arangije abona akazi ka mbere muri Komine Kabarondo ari naho yamenyaniye na Tito Barahira. Nyuma yaho yasubiye kongera ubumenyi yerekeza mu gihugu cya Kenya aho yamaze imyaka 2, agarutse ahabwa akazi ko kubungabunga amashyamba mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Byumba.
Tariki ya 6 Gicurasi 1986, Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi yamumenyesheje ko yagizwe Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kabarondo. Kuba yari inshuti magara ya Col. Pierre Célestin Rwagafirita ngo byasobanuraga impamvu ahawe uwo mwanya mu buryo butunguranye. Ubwo hatangizwaga politiki y’amashyaka menshi, Ngenzi yinjiye muri MRND.
Mu buhamya bwe, umwe mu barokokeye mu kiliziya cya Kabarondo, yashinje Ngenzi kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakozwe tariki ya 13 Mata 1994, yagize ati ‘’ Yafashe imodoka ye ajya gupakira Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu nkengero za kiliziya abakusanyiriza hamwe n’abandi, noneho Interahamwe zitangira kubica. Nyuma yo kubona ko abicwaga bari kwirwanaho kandi na bo bafite imbaraga, yagiye guhuruza Abajandarume ngo baze kubafasha.’’
Kimwe na Barahira, ubwo ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zari zikomeje gukaza urugamba rwo kurokora abicwaga, Ngenzi yahungiye mu nkambi ya Benako muri Tanzaniya. Nyuma yaho yakomereje muri Kenya, ubundi mu Birwa bya Comores yigira Umusilamu, ubundi akomereza mu Bufaransa muri Mayotte ari naho yafatiwe tariki ya 3 Kamena 2010 ubwo yageragezaga kubona icyangombwa cy’impunzi ya politike ariko yifashishije ibyangombwa bihimbano.
- RUKERATABARO Théodore
- Aho urubanza rwabereye: Suwede
- Incamake y’urubanza:
Rukeratabaro Théodore, yavutse mu 1969, avukira mu yahoze ari Segiteri Winteko, Komini Cyimbogo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Mu 1994 yari umujandarume. Yahungiye muri Suwede mu 1998, abona ubwenegihugu bwaho mu 2006 ku izina rya Théodore Tabaro.
Ubushinjacyaha bw’u Rwanda bwatangiye kumukurikirana mu 2010 ku byaha yakekwagaho. Yaje gutabwa muri yombi mu 2016 afatirwa muri Suwede. Ibyaha yashinjwaga ni ibyo yakoreye mu cyahoze ari Komine Kimbogo. Mu rukiko, ibyo yashinjwaga mu rwego rwa mbere byari ubwicanyi, ubufatanyacyaha mu bwicanyi, gufata ku ngufu abagore n’abakobwa, gushimuta Abatutsi, gutegura, gushishikariza no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Yaburaniye muri Suwede ndetse agera mu bujurire. Tariki ya 27 Mata 2019, urukiko rwamuhamije ibyaha bya jenoside rumuhanisha gufungwa burundu
- NERETSE Fabien
. Aho urubanza rwabereye: I Bruxelles mu Bubiligi
- Incamake y’urubanza:
Fabien Neretse yavutse mu 1957. Nyuma yo gushinjwa no guhanywa ibyaha bifitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, Urukiko rwo mu Bubiligi rwamukatiye igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Mu kuburana kwe ntiyigeze yemera icyaha na kimwe mu byo yashinjwaga. Ibyo yabifashwagamo n’umwunganizi we wavugaga ko umwere atagomba kwemera ibyaha, ndetse avuga ko akurikije imyaka ye igihano ahawe akigereranya n’urupfu ‘’ruje buhoro buhoro’’.
Neretse yari umuntu wizewe ku ngoma ya Habyarimana. Kuva mu 1989 kugeza mu 1991 yayoboye OCIR-Café. Yabaye kandi mu gisirikare cya Leta ya Habyarimana, afite ipeti rya Liyetona. Kimwe mu byo ashinjwa harimo kuba umwe mu bashinze umutwe w’Interahamwe ndetse akawuha intwaro, imodoka n’amafaranga byo kwifashisha muri jenoside. By’umwihariko, ashinjwa gutegura ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku gasozi ka Mataba no mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu zahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeli ndetse na Gisenyi
Neretse kandi yashinjwaga gutungira agatoki Interahamwe imiryango myinshi y’Abatutsi yageragezaga guhunga mu minsi ya mbere ya jenoside, bakayifata bakayica. Nk’uko abatangabuhamya babigaragaje, ngo abafashwe bose bajyaga kwicwa ahari.
By’umwihariko, ashinjwa kwicisha Umubiligikazi Claire Beckers, umugabo we Isaie Bucyana n’umwana wabo Ketsia ubwo bageragezaga guhunga Kigali muri Jenoside.
Nyuma ya Jenoside, Neretse yahungiye mu Bufaransa yarahinduye amazina yiyita Fabien Nsabimana kugira ngo atamenyekana, atura ahitwa Angoulême kugeza mu 2011. Yagerageje kugaragaza uruhare rwe mu kwita ku mibereho y’abaturage baho, dore ko yanashyikirije Perefe w’uwo mujyi raporo yakoze agerageza gutanga igisubizo ku kibazo cy’ubuzererezi bwari bwugarije urubyiruko.
Tariki ya 8 Kanama 2007, uwahoze ari Umushinjacyaha Mukuru, Martin Ngoga yari yatangaje ibyaha bigera kuri 6 Neretse yashinjwaga byarimo ibya Jenoside. Icyo gihe yashyiriweho impapuro zimuta muri yombi zoherezwa mu Bufaransa ndetse zihabwa Polisi mpuzamahanga, Interpol.
- MUHAYIMANA Claude
- Aho urubanza rwabereye: I Paris mu Bufaransa
- Incamake y’urubanza:
Urukiko rwa rubanda rw’i Paris mu Bufaransa rwahamije Muhayimana Claude, w’imyaka 63 magingo aya, wahoze ari umushoferi kuri hoteli imwe yo ku Kibuye mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, ubufatanyacyaha muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda.
Yashinjwaga gutwara mu modoka Interahamwe n’abasirikare mu bitero byahitanye Abatutsi babarirwa mu magana. By’umwihariko, kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe ku misozi ya Karongi, Gitwa na Bisesero hagati yo ku itariki ya 7 Mata na Kamena mu 1994.
Muhayimana Claude yahamywe n’ibyaha bya jenoside yakoreye i Karongi, Gitwa na Bisesero
Umwanzuro w’urukiko wagezweho nyuma y’ibyumweru bine by’iburanisha ryabayemo abatangabuhamya babarirwa muri 50, bamwe muri bo baturutse mu Rwanda. Yahunze ava mu Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside, abona ubwenegihugu bw’u Bufaransa mu 2010.
Ubushinjacyaha bwari yamusabiye gufungwa imyaka 15 ariko ahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 14, akaba yarahise ajyanwa muri gereza. Nyuma yo kujurira, ubu ari hanze ategereje kuburana, dore ko n’ubundi yaburanaga adafunzwe. Ubwo yaburanaga, yahakanye ibirego byose.
Uru rubanza rwatangiye tariki ya 22 Ugushyingo 2023 rusozwa tariki ya 17 Ukuboza 2023.
Urubanza rwa Muhayimana rwabaye urwa gatatu rwabereye mu Bufaransa rujyanye n’ibyaha bya Jenoside nyuma y’urwa Pascal Simbikangwa wahoze ari kapiteni mu zari ingabo z’u Rwanda yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 25, n’urwa Octavien Ngenzi na Tito Barahira bahoze ari ba Burugumesitiri ba komine Kabarondo bakatiwe gufungwa burundu.
- BUCYIBARUTA Laurent
- Aho urubanza rwabereye: I Paris mu Bufaransa
- Incamake y’urubanza:
Laurent Bucyibaruta yavutse mu 1944, avukira mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro. Yabaye Perefe wa Kibungo kuva mu 1985 kugeza mu 1992, nyuma agirwa Perefe wa Gikongoro ari nako ayoboye urwego rwa perefegitura rushinzwe Interahamwe.
Muri Nyakanaga 2022, Urukiko rwa rubanda rw’i Paris mu Bufaransa rwamukatiye igifungo cy’imyaka 20 nyuma yo guhamywa ibyaha bya Jenoside, ibyibasiye inyokomuntu, gushishikariza rubanda gukora Jenoside, gutsemba ubwoko, ubwicanyi no gufata ku ngufu byakozwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Laurent Bucyibaruta yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20
Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) rwakoreraga Arusha muri Tanzaniya rwari rwarashyiriyeho Laurent Bucyibaruta impapuro mpuzamahanga zo kumuta muri yombi, akaba yarafatiwe mu Bufaransa muri Nyakanga 2007.
Urukiko rw’ubujurire rw’i Paris rwaje kumurekura tariki ya 1 Kanama 2007 ruvuga ko impapuro zo kumufata zatanzwe na TPIR zidashobora kubahirizwa hagendewe ku ihame ry’uko kugeza icyo gihe aba agifatwa nk’umwere. Mu Gushyingo 2007, TPIR yongeye kwegera ubutabera bw’u Bufaransa kuri icyo kibazo. Mu Kuboza 2018, umucamanza yategetse ko ashyikirizwa Urukiko rwa rubanda rw’ Paris, bityo urubanza rwe rutangira muri Gicurasi 2022.
Ubushinjacyaha bwamusabiraga igifungo cya burundu, ariko birangira tariki ya 12 Nyakanga 2022 akatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Gusa yagaragarije urukiko impamvu zikomeye zirimo uburwayi bityo urukiko rutegeka ko aba afunguwe mu gihe ategereje kuburana ubujurire.
7. KABUGA Felesiyani
- Aho urubanza rwabereye: I La Haye mu Buholandi
- Incamake y’urubanza:
Kabuga Felesiyani w’imyaka 89, yafatiwe mu Bufaransa mu 2020, nyuma yo kumara imyaka irenga 25 yihisha ubutabera. Aregwa ibyaha bya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994
Urubanza rwe rwatangiye kuburanishwa i La Haye mu gihugu cy’u Buholandi ku italiki ya 29 Nzeli 2022. Muri Mata 2023, abacamanza mu rukiko rwa ONU ruri La Haye mu Buholandi bafashe umwanzuro wo guhagarika urubanza rwe kubera raporo yagaragazaga ko ubuzima bwe butatuma abasha kuburana.
Ubwo uru rubanza rwatangiraga, abashinjacaha bamushinje kuba yarakoresheje radiyo RTLM mu gushishikariza Abahutu kwica Abatutsi. Yashinjwe kandi kuba yaratanze imihoro n’izindi ntwaro ku Nterahamwe mu kwica abatutsi mu bice bitandukanye.
Kabuga yaburanaga amasaha abiri ku munsi, iminsi itatu mu cyumweru ndetse bikaba bitari bizwi igihe urubanza ruzamara.
Kabuga yari mu bantu bashakishwaga cyane ku isi ashinjwa kuba ku isonga rya Jenoside
Kabuga wari mu bantu bashakishwa cyane ku isi akekwaho kuba umwe mu bari ku isonga rya Jenoside mu Rwanda mu 1994 yafatiwe i Paris mu Bufaransa, nkuko bitangazwa n’ubushinjacyaha bw’urwego rw’ubutabera rukurikirana ibyaha rwa ONU/UN. Itangazo ry’urwego rwa ONU rwa ‘International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals’ (IRMCT) rwasigaye rurangiza imirimo yasizwe n’urukiko mpuzamahanga rwa Arusha, rivuga ko yafashwe n’abategetsi b’u Bufaransa binyuze mu iperereza bafatanyije n’urwego rwa IRMCT n’ubushinjacyaha bw’u Bufaransa.
Kabuga yabagaho akoresha umwirondoro muhimbano mu icumbi ryo mu gace ka Asnières-sur-Seine, hafi y’i Paris rwagati, nkuko bikubiye mu itangazo rya minisiteri y’ubutabera mu Bufaransa. Hari hashize imyaka 25 ashakishwa n’ubutabera mpuzamahanga.
Mu mwaka wa 1997 ni bwo urukiko rwa Arusha rwashyizeho impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi, akurikiranyweho ibyaha birindwi bya jenoside. Ni we Munyarwanda washakishwaga cyane n’ubutabera, ndetse Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zari zarashyizeho igihembo cya miliyoni 5 z’amadolari ku muntu watanga amakuru yatuma atabwa muri yombi.
KABUGA NI MUNTU KI?
Kabuga Felesiyani yavutse ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1933, avukira bu yahoze ari Komine Mukarange, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Byumba, ubu ni mu karere ka Gicumbi mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda.
Ni umuherwe wabarirwaga umutungo wa za miliyoni mu gihe cya Jenoside. Amakuru avuga ko ubukire bwe bwatangiriye mu bikorwa birimo iby’ubuhinzi bw’icyayi mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Nyuma yabaye umushoramari mu bushabitsi butandukanye mu Rwanda no mu mahanga.
Kabuga yari inkoramutima mu ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi rya MRND ry’uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana, ndetse yari bamwana we. Ashinjwa kandi kuba yari umwe mu batangije televiziyo RTLM n’ikinyamakuru Kangura by’Abahutu b’abahezanguni.
Nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994, ubwo FPR yari imaze gufata ubutegetsi, yarahunze, nyuma avugwa cyane i Nairobi mu murwa mukuru wa Kenya, mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’uwari Perezida Daniel Toroitich arap Moi.
Itangazo rya minisiteri y’ubutabera y’Ubufaransa rivuga ko nyuma ya Jenoside, Kabuga yabaye mu Budage, mu Bubiligi, muri Congo-Kinshasa, muri Kenya ndetse no mu Busuwisi aho yagendaga akwepa ubutabera.
- HATEGEKIMANA Philippe
- Aho urubanza rwabereye: I Paris mu Bufaransa
- Incamake cy’urubanza:
Urukiko rwa rubanda rw’i Paris mu Bufaransa, kuwa gatatu tariki ya 28 Kamena 2023 rwahamije ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu umugabo w’Umunyarwanda wahoze ari umujandarume, Philippe Hategekimana, ruhita rumukatira igifungo cya burundu.
Hategekimana w’imyaka 67 wari wariyise Biguma, yavukiye mu yahoze ari komini Rukondo mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Gikongoro, ubu ni mu murenge wa Nyagisozi mu karere ka Nyanza.
Hategekimana yahamwe n’ibyaha hafi ya byose yaregwaga. Yari yarahungiye mu Bufaransa nyuma ya Jenoside abona ibyangombwa nk’impunzi, ndetse mu 2005 ahabwa ubwenegihugu akoresheje izina rihimbano rya Philippe Manier.
Hategekimana yahamwe n’ibyaha hafi ya byose yaregwaga
Hategekimana yari yarigeze gukora akazi ko gucunga umutekano kuri kaminuza yo mu Bufaransa, nyuma ahungira muri Kameroni mu 2017 amaze kumenya ko yashyiriweho impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi. Yafatiwe mu murwa mukuru wa Kameroni, Yaoundé, muri Gashyantare 2019, asubizwa mu Bufaransa.
Ubu yahamijwe uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi babarirwa mu magana ubwo yari umujandarume ufite ipeti rya ‘’adjudant-chef’’, akaba yari yungirije umuyobozi wa Jandarumori mu mujyi wa Nyanza mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda.
Yashinjwe kandi urupfu rw’abantu batandukanye barimo Nyagasaza Narcisse wahoze ari Burugumesitiri wa Ntyazo, Gisagara wari Burugumesitiri wa Nyabisindu n’umubikira witwaga mama Augustine.
Ashinjwa kandi kuyobora ibitero byahitanye Abatutsi mu duce twa Nyamure, Nyabubare, Nyamiyaga ndetse no muri ISAR-SONGA.
Biguma yamaze iminsi 38 aburanira mu Rukiko rwa Rubanda rw’i Paris mu Bufaransa, kuva tariki ya 10 Gicurasi 2023, akatirwa ku wa gatatu tariki ya 28 Kamena 2023. Yemerewe kujirira.
- Séraphin Twahirwa na Pierre Basabose
. Aho rwabereye: I Buruseli mu Bubiligi
. Incamake y’urubanza
Basabose yavutse mu 1947, akaba yarabaye umushoferi wa Col. Elie Sagatwa wari umukwe wa Perezida Habyarimana. Yatawe muri yombi mu 2020.
Bivugwa ko yavuye mu Rwanda mu 1994 agahungira muri Zaire aho yavuye yerekeza mu Bubiligi anyuze mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Kenya, Kazakhstan n’u Budage biza kurangira ageze mu Bubiligi.
Twahirwa Séraphin akomoka mu yahoze ari komini Giciye muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, yabaye n’umukozi wa Minisiteri y’imirimo ya Leta.
Uyu yabaye Umuyobozi w’Interahamwe muri Segiteri ya Gikondo mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ari na ho yari atuye mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Twahirwa Séraphin yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu
Umushinjacyaha yavuze ko Pierre Basabose aza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu bantu bari bafashe imigabane myinshi muri Radio RTLM, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubiba urwango ndetse no gushishikariza abahutu kwica Abatutsi, aho yatanzemo ibihumbi 600 by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda utabariyemo imigabane yafatiye abana be.
Ibyaha byakozwe n’abaregwa ngo byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku babikorewe zirimo imiryango yazimye burundu, abasigaye ari impfubyi, abandujwe indwara zikomeye, ndetse n’abafite ubumuga bukomeye bakomora ku byo bakorewe.
Ubwo Urukiko rwa Rubanda rw’i Bruxelles rwasomaga uru rubanza aba bagabo bahuriyemo, rwahamije ko Twahirwa na Basabose bahamwa n’ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibyo gusambanya abagore ku ngufu. Twahirwa na Basabose bamaze hafi amezi atatu baburana ku byaha bashinjwaga.
Pierre Basabose aza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu bantu bari bafashe imigabane myinshi muri Radio RTLM
Ku wa Kabiri tariki 19 Ukuboza 2023, Urukiko rwahamije Twahirwa ibyaha bya Jenoside, ibyaha by’intambara, kwica yabigambiriye no kurongora abagore ku ngufu, ahabwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu.
Pierre Basabose we yahamijwe ibyaha bya Jenoside, ariko kubera uburwayi afite bwo mu mutwe byemezwa ko ajyanwa mu bitaro kuvurwa indwara zo mu mutwe zahamijwe n’abaganga.
- Dr Munyemana Sosthène
. Aho urubanza rwabereye: I Paris mu Bufaransa
. Incamake y’urubanza
Yavukiye i Musambira 9/10/ 1955, afite imyaka 68, muri Jenoside yari afite 39. Yari umuganga w’abagore mu bitaro bya kaminuza.
Urubanza rwatangiye ku wa 14 Ugushyingo, rusomwa tariki ya 19/12/2023. Ni nyuma y’imyaka 28 ikirego cye cya mbere gishyikirijwe ubutabera. Urukiko rwayobowe na MARC SOMMERER, rugizwe n’abacamanza 6 (abagabo 3 n’abagore 3) n’inyangamugayo 6. Humviswe abatangabuhamya 67. Dr Munyemana yageze mu Bufaransa nyuma y’amezi 2 jenoside ibaye.
Dr. Munyemana wari umuganga w’abagore mu bitaro bya Kaminuza i Butare
Amatariki y’ingenzi y’urubanza rwe:
- 18/10/1995: abahohotewe muri Jenoside batanze ikirego mu mu rukiko rwa Bordeau.
- NZELI 1997: Dr Munyemana na we yatanze ikirego, akaba yarakoraga mu bitaro bya Bordeau
- MATA 2007: Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko yashyikirizwa urukiko
- 2008: U Rwanda rwashyize hanze impapuro mpuzamahanga zo kumuta muri yombi, gusa urukiko rw’ubujurire rwa Bordeau rwanzuye ko atagomba koherezwa mu Rwanda
- 15/12/2011 yagejejwe imbere y’ubutabera. Yahise yambikwa igikomo ndetse ategekwa kujya yitaba ubutabera buri cyumweru
- 2007: Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kurengera impunzi n’abatagira igihugu cyatesheje agaciro ubusabe bw’ubuhungiro
Ibyaha yashinjwaga:
- Kugira uruhare mu gucura umugambi wo gutegura jenoside
- Icyaha cya Jenoside
- Ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu
- Ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cya jenoside
- Ubufatanyacyaha mu byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu
Ashinjwa kandi kuba yari afite urufunguzo rwa segiteri ya Tumba kuva 24/4 kugeza Gicurasi 1994, abahahungiye ngo bakaba barishwe nabi.
Komisiyo z’iperereza ku rwego mpuzamahanga zatangiye iperereza muri Amerika, u Bubiligi, Norvege, u Bwongereza n’u Busuwisi. Ubuhamya bwose ngo bugera kuri 200. Urubanza rugitangira, umwunganira yahise anenga ireme/ishingiro ry’ubuhamya bugiye gutangwa nyuma y’imyaka 28.
CPCR: Ihuriro ryo mu Bufaransa riharanira ubutabera ku bahohotewe muri jenoside, ryashinzwe na Alain na Daphrose GAUTHIER ni rimwe mu bagaragara muri uru rubanza.
Me Jean-Yves DUPEUX na Me Florence BOURG ni bo bunganiye Munyemana kuva mu 1995.
Dr. Munyemana Sosthène yahawe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka24, irimo 7 agomba gufungwa bitajuririrwa kabone nubwo yaba azajurira nyuma. Nyuma yo kumusabira icyo gihano yandikiye urukiko asaba ko yafungurwa akazakomeza ibijyanye n’urubanza rwe ari hanze, ariko ubwo busabe urukiko rubutera utwatsi.
NB: Ku wa mbere tariki ya 8 Mata 2024 hatangijwe urundi rubanza rwa Nkunduwimye Emmanuel bitaga Bomboko ukekwaho kugira uruhare muri jenoside, ndetse hakaba hategerejwe urundi rwa Ernest Gakwaya wari umazi igihe afungiwe mu Burundi azira ibyangombwa by’ibihimbano.
