‘Waba utarigeze akazi ukabona uburambe ute?’ Hambere aha abahanzi Amag the Black na Bruce Melodie bakoze mu nganzo bati “Ayo mashuri mudusaba twarayarangije, abanza n’ayisumbuye ndetse na kaminuza…” bitsa ku buryo ingingo y’uburambe ku kazi ihejeje urubyiruko rwinshi mu bushomeri.
Iyo unaze akajisho ku mibare itandukanye y’Ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (NISR) usanga buri gihe urubyiruko ruza ku isonga mu bashomeri wareba impamvu zibitera ugasangamo n’iy’uburambe ku kazi.
Imibare yo mu Ukwakira 2023 ari nayo iheruka [igihembwe cya 3 cya 2023], yerekana ko ubushomeri buri hejuru mu rubyiruko rufite imyaka hagati ya 16 na 30 kuko buri kuri 21.0 ku ijana, abibasiwe cyane bakaba ari abafite imyaka 16 kugeza kuri 24. Mu b’igitsina gore ubushomeri buri kuri 21.9 ku ijana ugereranyije n’abagabo kuko buri kuri 14.8 ku ijana.
NISR yatangaje ko “Iyi mibare yibutsa imbogamizi zihariye ku rubyiruko rushaka akazi zirimo ‘kutagira uburambe mu kazi ndetse n’isoko rito ry’umurimo’.
Abanyarwanda bafite imyaka yo gukora ni ukuvuga 16 kuzamura ari miliyoni 8.1 barimo miliyoni 4,847,069 bari ku isoko ry’umurimo ubaze abafite akazi n’abashomeri, mu gihe abatari ku isoko ry’umurimo bari miliyoni 3,253,361.
Muri rusange abashomeri bangana na 18% ni ukuvuga abagera kuri 874,876 naho abafite akazi ni 3,972,193. Ugereranyije n’igihembwe cya gatatu cya 2022, ubushomeri bwiyongereyeho 0.9 ku ijana mu byaro bugabanyukaho 1.4 ku ijana mu baba mu mijyi.
Bamwe mu rubyiruko baganiriye na Makuruki, bagaragaje ko gusaba urubyiruko uburambe mu kazi kandi ari nabwo bwa mbere rugiye kwinjira ku isoko ry’umurimo ari imbogamizi cyane cyane ku barangije za kaminuza.
Ndayambaje Jonas yagize ati “Narangije kaminuza ariko akazi kose bashyize ku rubuga rwa Mifotra basaba uburambe mu kazi kandi ari ubwa mbere uri kugasaba. N’iyo ugasabye bagusubiza ko utemerewe kubera ko nta burambe ufite”.
Mugenzi we witwa Mukamana Ange warangije Kaminuza mu myaka ibiri ishize, yavuze ko aho gusaba akazi yahisemo gusaba imenyerezamwuga kugira ngo ashake uburambe bwifuzwa mu kazi.
Ati “Maze umwaka nkora imenyerezamwuga bakangenera itike, nabikoze kuko nari maze kubona ko uburambe busabwa mu gushaka akazi ntabwo nabona”.
Urubyiruko rwifuza ko ingingo y’uburambe yaterekezwaho kuko ari inzitizi ku bagiye ku isoko ry’umurimo ari ko kazi ka mbere bashaka. Ibi bituma abari bafite akazi ari bo bongera kukabona bagahora bagasimburanamo.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yagiye ishyiraho ingamba zo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubushomeri aho mu myaka irindwi ishize hahanzwe imirimo mishya irenga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi 100.
Urubyiruko rushishikarizwa kwihangira imirimo kuruta guhorana amabaruwa asaba akazi. Ku rundi ruhande ariko narwo ruvuga ko bigoye kwihangira umurimo kubera imbogamizi zo kubura igishoro dore ko n’ibigo by’imari bidapfa kwizera udafite ingwate.
Hari abasanga banki zo mu Rwanda zikwiye kuvugurura imikorere yazo zigashyiraho serivisi z’umwihariko ku rubyiruko, ku buryo rushobora kwihangira imirimo.
Urubyiruko kandi rushishikarizwa kugana amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro nk’imwe muri gahunda izafasha kurwanya ubushomeri ruzaba rugeze kuri 60% by’abanyeshuri mu 2024 nubwo bisaba imbaraga zidasanzwe.
Ubusanzwe Amashuri ya TVET ari mu byiciro bitatu birimo TSS, ni icyiciro cy’amashuri yisumbuye yigisha Tekiniki, cyakira abarangije icyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye bashaka kwiga amasomo ajyanye na tekiniki, abategura kwinjira ku isoko ry’umurimo cyangwa bagakomeza muri Kaminuza.
Icyiciro cya kabiri kigizwe na VTS (Vocational Training Schools). Ni amahugurwa y’igihe gito ahabwa abatarabashije kwiga ngo barenge icyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye biturutse ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Amasomo bigishwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe abafasha kunguka ubumenyi bw’ibanze ku mirimo itandukanye.
Hari n’icyiciro cya gatatu cya VTC (Vocational Training Centers) gitanga amasomo atangirwa mu nganda aho abantu biga mu gihe gito akazi kameze nk’agakorerwa muri izo nganda baba bigiramo. Abigamo bashobora kuba batazi no gusoma muri gahunda yo kubafasha kugira umwuga runaka bamenya.
