I Beijing mu bushinwa mu cyumweru gishize hahuriye abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma 50 baturutse ku mugabane wa Afurika mu nama yiswe China Africa Forum. Ni inama iba buri myaka 3 igahuza umuyobozi mukuru w’ubushinwa Xi Jinping n’abayobozi b’ibihugu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika. Iyabanjirije iyi yari yabaye mu 2021 I Dakar muri Senegal.
Twifashishije inyandikomvugo y’ibyaganiriwe muri iyi nama, ubusesenguzi bwa Makuruki.rw bwacukumbuyemo iby’ingenzi bituma habaho kwibaza niba ubushinwa buje kuba malayika murinzi ku mugabane wa Afurika bukaba bwawusindagiza buwuganisha mu iterambere cyangwa se niba ari ubukoroni mu isura nshya.
Iyi nama yashojwe hemejwe ko Leta y’ubushinwa igiye gushora imari ifite agaciro ka Miliyari 360 z’ama Yuan. Aya angana na Miliyali 50.7 z’amadolari ya amerika azashorwa mu bikorwaremezo 30 mu bihugu bitandukanye bya Afurika. Kimwe mu bikorwa remezo bizubakwa n’ubushinwa birimo umuhanda wa Gali ya moshi wiswe TAZARA “Tanzania – Zambia Railway Authority” ufite uburebure bwa km 1860. Uyu muhanda ushaje uzasanwa.
Aya madorali agenewe ishoramari ry’abashinwa ku mugabane wa Afurika azatangwa mu byiciro bitatu: Icyiciro cya mbere kigizwe n’inguzanyo ingana na Miliyari 29$, icyiciro cya kabiri ni ishoramari rya sosiyete zo mu bushinwa ringana na miliyari 9.9$ hanyuma icyiciro cya gatatu akaba inkunga mu bijyanye n’igisirikare angana na miliyari 12$.
Uretse iyi mishinga 30 y’ibikorwaremezo kandi mu nyandiko y’ibyagarutsweho muri iyi nama hagarutswe ku bijyanye no kubyaza umusaruro ingufu za Nuclaire muri Afurika “Clean Energy”. Aha naho ubushinwa buzahashora mu mishinga 30 ku mugabane wa Afurika.
N’ubwo ishoramari ry’ubushinwa rikomeje kuzamuka ku mugabane wa Afurika ariko n’inguzanyo ntizihagaze kwiyongera. Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu cya mbere ubu gifitiwe amadeni menshi n’ibihugu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika. Umwaka ushize wa 2023 wonyine umugabane wa Afurika wagurijwe n’ubushinwa arenga Miliyari 4.61$.
Mu mwaka wa 2021 ubwo Ubushinwa bwaganiraga na Afurika I Dakar muri Senegal bwari bwemeye kugura ibikorerwa muri afurika bifite agaciro ka Miliyari 300 $. Ni isezerano ariko ritigeze ryubahirizwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 3.
Muri iyi nama yahuje ubushinwa na Afurika yo mu 2024 hagarutswe kandi ku cyifuzo cy’ubushinwa cyo kuba mu kurangura ibyakorewe mu bushinwa; ibihugu bya Afurika byajya bigenda byishyuriramo imyenda bifitiye ubushinwa. Byumvikana ko atari ugufata mu ngengo y’imari y’ibihugu ngo byishyure ubushinwa ahubwo ni abikorera bo mu bihugu bya afurika bazajya barangura ibyakorewe mu bushinwa hanyuma mu mafaranga bishyuye inganda zo mu bushinwa hakagira igice kijya gufasha Leta bakomokamo kwishyura umwenda wa leta y’ubushinwa.
Ni malayika murinzi se cyangwa ni ikirura mu ruhu rw’intama?
Icyi kibazo cyibazwa na benshi mu bakurikiranira Politiki y’ubushinwa ku mugabane wa Afurika. Ubushinwa bugaragara nk’ubufite umugambi wo gukomeza gushora imari ndetse no kuguriza ibuhugu bya afurika. Bugasubira inyuma bukanorohereza ibi bihugu kwishyura buhoro buhoro. Ibi Leta y’ubushinwa irabikora mu gihe ibindi bihugu bihanganye nabwo mu bukungu birimo Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika n’uburusiya bahugiye mu makimbirane y’intambara na Politiki.
Politiki y’ubushinwa muri Afurika abasesenguzi bayibonamo umugambi muremure kandi ushingiye ku bukungu hatitawe ku miyoborere y’ibi bihugu bisanganwe. Uku kutivanga mu miyoborere y’ibihugu bya Afurika rero bikumvikana nk’umubavu uhumurira neza abategetsi ba Afurika, abenshi bagaragaza ko barambiwe guhabwa amabwiriza n’ibihugu byitwa ko byatangaga inkunga nyinshi.
Dore nk’ubu mu mwaka wa 2023 n’ubwo muri Niger habaye ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bugakuraho abari barasinye amasezerano ntibyabujije ubushinwa gukomeza umushinga wo kubaka inzira itwara ibikomoka kuri peteroli ibigeza muri Benin ifite uburebure bwa Km 2000. Ibi ni kimwe no muri Guinee kuba igisirikare cyarahiritse ubutegetsi ntibyigeze bihagarika ubufatanye n’ubushinwa.
Ababona ubushinwa nka Malayika murinzi wa afurika rero bagaragaza ko uku kubasha kubona inkunga n’inguzanyo bidaherekejwe n’amabwiriza mu miyoborere ari byo afurika yari itegereje igihe kinini. Bakemeza ko ijambo rya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika n’uburayi muri Afurika riri kugenda riburizwamo.
Ababona ubushinwa n’ikirura mu ruhu rw’intama bashingira ku bwinshi bw’amadeni icyi gihugu gikomeje guha afurika. Mu mwaka wa 2016 ubushinwa bwatangaje ko amadeni yabwo ku mugabane wa Afurika yari ageze kuri Miliyari 30 $. Ni amadorali akenshi anyuzwa muri banki ya Afrexim Bank agahabwa ibihugu ku nyungu nto cyane ugereranije n’atangwa na Banki y’isi cyangwa banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere.
N’ubwo ubushinwa bugaragara nk’ubufasha abanyafurika mu mishinga y’iterambere kandi hagarukwa cyane ku buryo iyo mishinga yubakwa. Akenshi usanga ari akazi gakorwa n’amasosiyete y’abashinwa. Amafaranga bavuga ko baba batanze nk’inkunga cyangwa se inguzanyo akongera agasubira mu bushinwa mu buryo bwo guhemba aba bakozi b’abashinwa bakora akazi ko kubaka ibikorwaremezo muri Afurika. Ntiwakwirengagiza ariko ko ibi bikorwaremezo byo bisigara ari ibya Afurika.
Muri aya mayeri akomeye y’ubushinwa, bwamaze kwishyira hamwe na Afurika mu byiswe isi y’epfo (Global South) aha ubushinwa bwigaragaza nk’igihugu kitari mu bikize kandi cyicisha bugufi. Ibi hamwe no kugira abaturage benshi bituma ubushinwa na Afurika bigira abaturage bangana na 1/3 cy’abatuye isi bose.
Niba rero Uburusiya na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika bahugiye mu ntambara, Ubushinwa bugaca inyuma bukireherezaho igikundiro cy’umugabane wa Afurika, ni imyaka micye isi yose ikazaba iyobowe n’ubushinwa. Ubushinwa icyo bushaka mu muryango w’abibumbye kikaba ari cyo kigiye kujya gitorwa.
Ku mugabane wa Afurika ibi ntacyo bitwaye kuko ubwingenge mu miyoborere afurika izaba yabuhawe. Ubwigenge mu bukungu bw’umugabane wa Afurika bwo ntibwigeze bubaho kandi ntabwo buzazanwa n’ubushinwa. Icyo ubushinwa bushaka ni ijambo ryabwo ku isi si impuhwe ku banyafurika.
Icyo Afurika ikwiriye gushyiramo imbaraga kugeza ubu ni ugushaka ibyo nayo yacuruza hanze yayo, ibi bigakorwa hongerwa ibikorerwa ku mugabane wa Afurika ndetse by’ubwihariko hakongerwa ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi afurika icuruza hanze yayo. Ibi nibyo byonyine bizaha afurika ubwinyagamburiro n’ijambo ku yindi migabane.
