Jenoside ifatwa nk’icyaha kibi kuruta ibindi gishobora gukorerwa inyokomuntu. Ijambo Jenoside (genocide) ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu mwaka wa 1943 n’Umuyahudi w’Umunyapologne witwaga Raphael Lemkin, yateranyije ijambo ry’Ikigereki “genos” risobanura “ubwoko” n’ijambo ry’Ikilatini “cide” risobanuye “igikorwa cyo kwica.”
Amaze kubona amahano yo muri jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi (Holocauste) aho abantu bose bo mu muryango we bishwe hagasigara umuhungu umwe bavukanaga, Dr Raphael Lemkin yahise akora uko ashoboye kugira ngo Jenoside yemerwe nk’icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Ibi byatumye habaho iyemezwa ry’amasezerano ya Loni agenga Jenoside mu Kuboza 1948, atangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri Mutarama 1951.
Ingingo ya kabiri y’ayo masezerano ivuga ko Jenoside ari “kimwe mu bikorwa bikorwa hagamijwe kurimbura abantu basangiye igihugu, ubwoko, uruhu, cyangwa idini, ukabarimbura bose cyangwa igice cyabo”.
Ayo masezerano ategeka kandi muri rusange ko ibihugu byemeye kubuza ko habaho Jenoside ndetse no kuyihana . Kuva ayo masezerano yemejwe na ONU ariko yakomeje kunengwa ko atashyizwe mu bikorwa mu buryo bwuzuye kuko hakomeje kugaragara ibyaha bibabaza ikiremwamuntu.
Mu gitabo cye yise “Rwanda and Genocide in the 20th Century”, uwahoze ari Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Medecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Alain Destexhe, yanditse ati “Jenoside itandukanywa n’ibindi byaha byose kubera icyo abayikora baba bagamije. Jenoside ni icyaha cyo ku rugero rutandukanye ugereranyije n’ibindi byaha byose bikorewe ikiremwamuntu, kandi iba igamije gutsemba burundu ubwo bwoko buba buhigwa . Jenoside niyo mpamvu aricyo cyaha cya mbere gikomeye cyane kandi kinini cyane kurusha ibindi byaha bikorerwa ikiremwamuntu.”
Hamaze kuba jenoside zingahe?
ONU ivuga ko hamaze kuba Jenoside 3 n’ubwo hari ubundi bwicanyi bukunda gusanishwa na Jenoside nk’ubwicanyi bwo mu 1995 i Srebrenica, urukiko mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yougoslavia (ICTY) rukaba rwaraciye urubanza ruvuga ko ari Jenoside.
Ibindi bivugwa ni inzara yatewe n’umuntu yo mu gihe cy’Abasoviyeti muri Ukraine (1932-33), igitero cya Indonesia kuri Timor y’uburasirazuba (1975), n’ubwicanyi bw’aba-Khmer Rouge muri Cambodge mu myaka ya 1970, aho hishwe abanya-Cambodge babarirwa muri miliyoni 1,7 bapfuye banyonzwe.
N’ubwo bimeze gutya ariko, Jenoside zemewe na ONU ni 3: hari ubwicanyi bwakozwe n’aba-Turkiya b’aba-Ottoman hagati y’umwaka wa 1915 na 1920 bica Abanyarumenia gusa, Abanyaturukiya nanubu baracyabihakana. Jenoside ya kabiri ni iyakorewe Abayahudi barenga 6 bishwe n’Abadage b’Abanazi. Jenoside ya 3 yabereye mu Rwanda ikorerwa Abatutsi barenga miliyoni imwe bishwe n’abo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu mu mwaka wa 1994.
Kuva Tariki ya 7 Mata u Rwanda ruri mu cyumweru cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 30 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, iyi tariki kandi yagenwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye nk’umunsi isi yose igomba kuzirikana iyi Jenoside.
