Mu myaka 15 ishize igihingwa cy’umuceri mu Rwanda abanyeshuri bigishwaga ko kiboneka ahantu 3 mu gihugu: Bugarama, Ntende na Gikonko. Ubwo havugwaga amoko y’umuceri hakumvikana cyane uwitwaga Kigoli. Uyu muceri kandi waribwaga n’ingo zifite, abafite amikoro macye bakawubona kuri Noheli no ku Bunani.
Uyu munsi umuceri ni kimwe mu bihingwa byatejwe imbere mu Rwanda, bimaze kugaragara ko wahera ndetse Leta y’u Rwanda yashyize amafaranga menshi mu gutunganya ibishanga hirya no hino mu gihugu bihingwamo umuceri. Uwavuga ko ubu umuceri umaze kwinjira mu bihingwa nibura 5 byera ku bwinshi mu Rwanda ntiyaba yibeshye.
Igihe cyari kigeze cyo kurya ku matunda y’imvune igihugu cyashoye mu guteza imbere icyi gihingwa. Nyamara ariko igihe cyo gusarura kigeze, ibibazo bikivugwa mu bahinzi b’umuceri. Aka ya mvugo ngo agahinda gashira akandi kageze ibagara. Ni ibibazo bishingiye ku kubura abaguzi ariko umuzi w’ikibazo nyamukuru ukaba ko n’ubwiza bw’umuceri uhingwa mu Rwanda butanyura abaguzi.
Abahinzi babuze abaguzi
Bijya gutangira buri koperative y’abahinzi b’umuceri kuva I Nyagatare kugeza mu Bugaragama yibwiraga ko ariyo yonyine yahuye n’ikibazo cy’abaguzi b’umuceri. Ku mwero w’igihembwe cy’ihinga cya 2024A. Inkuru yaturukaga I Nyagatare, I Gatsibo, I Bugesera, I Mukunguli, Gikonko na Bugarama yaje kuba imwe. Abahinzi barejeje Minisiteri ifite ubucuruzi mu nshingano ishyiraho ibiciro abaguzi barabura.
Ibi byakomeje gusakuza ndetse amajwi agera ku mukuru w’igihugu. Kuwa 14 Kanama ubwo yarahizaga abagize inteko ishingamategeko atarashyiraho Guverinoma nshya; anenga bikomeye uko Minisiteri 3 zitwaye muri icyi kibazo. Hari nabasesengura bagasanga biri mu byatumye uwari ushinzwe Minisiteri yubucuruzi n’inganda atagaruka muri guverinoma.
Umunsi umwe wari uhagije nyuma y’ijambo rya Perezida Kagame ngo igisubizo cya Toni 26.000 z’umuceri zari zaraburiwe abaguzi kibe kibonetse. N’ubwo hari abemeza ko kitarambye. Ku bufatanye nikigo cya East African Exchange Leta yemeye kugurira aba bahinzi umuceri. Ni igisubizo ariko ubusesenguzi bwa Makuruki.rw bufata nko “gukoropa amazi yari yaretse mu nzu ntufunge isoko yari yayazanye.” Icyo gihe wiyemeza ko uzahora ukoropa niba udashaka kumenya aho ayo mazi aturuka.
Ni icyi cyatumye abaguzi b’umuceri bifata?
Ku isoko ryu Rwanda hasanzwe amoko y’imiceri aturuka mu bihugu bitandukanye. Ayamamaye cyane ni umuTanzaniya, Umuhinde n’umuPakistani. Muri Mata 2023 ibiciro by’umuceri byari bikomeje gutumbagira ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda kimwe n’ibindi biribwa bitandukanye. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda mu guhangana n’iri zamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa yafashe icyemezo cyo gukuriraho umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) muceri uturuka hanze y’ u Rwanda.
Kuva icyi cyemezo cyafatwa rero umuceri uturuka mu gihugu cya Tanzania ushimirwa guhumura cyane wahise ubamo amoko arenga 3. Umu Tanzania wa mbere, umu Tanzania wa kabiri numu Tanzania wa gatatu. Uyu muceri uturuka muri Tanzania winjira mu Rwanda nta musoro ku nyongeragaciro kandi ukinjira ku bwinshi wahise ugabanya igiciro ku isoko. Agafuka k’ibiro 25 k’umuceri wumutanzania umucuruzi ukarangura ashobora kukabona ku mafaranga ibihumbi 19.
Umuceri wera mu Rwanda rero abafite inganda ziwutonora zikanawufunga mu mifuka bagaragaza ko baramutse bawufatiye ku biciro byatanzwe na MINICOM, bakawukorera imirimo bakora yose, amacye ku gafuka k’ibilo 25 ari amafaranga ibihumbi 24,500 ku muranguzi.
Abarangura umuceri rero bahisemo kurangura umu Tanzania uhendutse kandi ukunzwe ku isoko kurusha uwera mu Rwanda. Kuwa 19 Kanama Dr Musafiri Ildephonse uyobora Ministeri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi avuga ku cyatumye abaguzi b’umuceri batawugura yagize ati “inyungu bumvaga bashaka kubonamo bumvaga idahagije n’ubwo irimo; batinda kuwugura cyangwa se bagenda gacye.” Icyo Minisitiri Musafiri yirengagije ariko ni uko izi nganda zigura umuceri zikawutonora zari zigifite ubuhunikiro bwuzuye amatoni y’umuceri yabuze abaranguzi. Kugeza n’ubu izi nganda 26 zivuga ko zibitse toni zigera mu 40,000 z’umuceri utonoye zitarabonera abaguzi.
Abanyenganda basaba ko uva hanze uhagarikwa – MINICOM ikabatera utwatsi
Ko ikibazo cy’abahinzi bejeje umuceri bakawugumana ku mbuga z’ubwanikiro cyakemutse kigeze mu biro bikuru mu gihugu se, ikibazo cy’abanyenganda bafite umuceri mu bubiko bw’inganda cyo kizakemurwa na nde? Mu nkuru Makuruki.rw duherutse kubagezaho kuri iyi ngingo y’umuceri waheze mu nganda, abanyenganda bagaragazaga ko icyifuzo cyabo ari uko umuceri uva hanze wahagarikwa mu gihe runaka, uwo mu Rwanda ukabanza ugacuruzwa. Ni ukwikunda nabyo ariko kuko birumvikana ko uhendutse ku isoko waba ugabanutse ku muturage agasigara agomba kugura uhenze yanze akunze.
Ndagijimana Laurent ukuriye ihuriro ry’inganda zitunganya umuceri mu Rwanda yagize ati “Turimo turaganira na Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi kugira ngo turebe natwe uko izo stock zajya ku isoko ariko urebye nta mwanzuro ufatika wari wafatwa.” Zimwe muri izi nganda kubera amasezerano zifitanye n’abahinzi bazihingira, zahisemo gufata inguzanyo muri banki kugira ngo zifashe abahinzi bafitiwe imyenda kuba bakomeza ubuzima n’imirimo yihinga muri sezo igezweho. Nk’uruganda rwa Mukunguli muri Kamonyi ruvuga ko rwafashe Miliyoni 300 y’inguzanyo ya Banki kugirango nibura abahinzi babone ayo baba bifashisha.
Ministeri y’ubucuruzi ninganda ariko yo ntikozwa ibyo guhagarika umuceri uva mu mahanga. Aganira n’ikinyamakuru BBC kuri iyi ngingo Karangwa Cassien ushinzwe ubucuruzi n’ishoramari muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda yagaragaje ko ibyo guhagarika umuceri uva hanze bitakwihutirwa kuko ngo uwera mu gihugu udahagije. Yagize ati “Ntabwo kuwuhagarika ari byo byatuma isoko riboneka. Turi mu isoko rifunguye, n’ubundi uwo dufite ntabwo uhagije isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu. Ugereranije umuceri wera imbere mu gihugu n’uwo dutumiza hanze, ntabwo dushobora kuwuhagarika, ahubwo harebwa ibindi bisubizo byo gukemura icyo kibazo. Kuko uva hanze nawo urakenewe. Nta gahunda ihari yo kuwuhagarika.”
umuceri wo mu Rwanda uhenda utanakunzwe
Mu gusesengura impamvu zituma umuceri wo mu Rwanda ubura isoko, ntitwakwirengagiza ingingo y’ubwiza. Baca umugani mu Kinyarwanda ngo “Akeza karigura” bakongera ngo “Umwiza arahenda.” Umuceri w’umunyarwanda mu gushaka kumenya ubwiza bwawo bwatuma uhenda ku isoko, twegereye abatetsi.
Tuganira n’abatetsi ku moko y’imiceri atandukanye ari ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda twehereye ku muceri uturuka muri Tanzania. Abatetsi bavuga ko umuceri uturuka muri Tanzania ufite umwihariko wo guhumura cyane kandi ugasa neza ku isahane. Abatetsi bavuze ko umuceri ukomoka mu buhinde uzwi ho gushya utandukanye warekuranye kandi ukagira icyangwa kinyura abawurya, abatetsi kandi batubwiye ko umuceri uva muri Pakistani nawo ngo ufite umwihariko wo kuba umuceri utubuka ukabyimba cyane ndetse benshi bemeza ko hari ubwo bawuvangira mo uwo kuwuhumuza mucye ariko ubwinshi bugashakirwa ku mu Pakistani.
Aba batetsi bageze ku muceri wera mu Rwanda ntibitaye ku moko yawo ariko bagaragaje ko ukunze gushya ufatanye. “Kuba umuceri washya ufatanye byo si inenge kuko biterwa n’icyo umuryi akunda”. Bakavuga ko batawukunda kuko ku isahane udasa neza ugereranije niyi miceri iva hanze. Uw’ intete ngufi wo bakawunenga ko hari n’ubwo ushirira ugifite amazi hejuru. Bakawukundira ariko kandi ko nawo ngo ubyimba n’ubwo atari ku rwego rw’umu Pakistani.
Dusase inzobe rero,dushakire umuti no mu bwiza!
Nk’uko ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi cyagaragaje ko imbuto nyinshi z’ibihingwa bifatwa nk’ibyibanze mu Rwanda zatangiye gukorerwa imbere mu gihugu n’umuceri urimo. Mu gihe MINICOM ikiri gukoropa ya mazi yaretse mu nzu, RAB nayo ikwiriye kuba iri gushaka imbuto ikunzwe ku isoko.
Mbese hari igeragezwa twakoze ku mbuto y’umuceri abanya Tanzania bahinga, dusanga mu Rwanda ntiyahera? Mbese twagerageje iyi mbuto yitwa umuhinde dusanga iwacu ntiyera? Ubwiza bw’umusaruro bukomoka ku mbuto yahinzwe, ikirere yahinzwemo n’uburyo yitaweho mu murima. Hakwiriye kurebwa niba imbuto yumuceri dufite mu Rwanda ari yo yonyine ishoboka. Kucyi tutava ku kurebera ikibazo mu bwinshi bw’umusaruro ahubwo tukanakirebera mu bwiza. Uyu muceri w’umutanzaniya ndetse n’uwitwa BASIMATI imaze igihe ku isoko ry’u Rwanda ihenda cyane ariko ikabona abaguzi kuko ifite ubwiza.
Aho guhagarika umuceri uva hanze ngo abanyarwanda bagure umuceri wera mu Rwanda ; ubahende batanawukunda; ahubwo niharebwe uko izo mbuto zera umuceri bakunda zagezwa mu Rwanda. Abashakashatsi bazigerageze nibasanga bidakunda tubone twemere uwo udakunzwe.
Kuba umuceri wava hanze y’u Rwanda ukaza ukunzwe ku isoko mu bwiza nkaho ibyo bidahagije ukaza unahendutse ugereranije na wawundi udakunzwe ni ikimenyetso cyuko mu gushaka imbuto y’umuceri ihingwa mu Rwanda hiregagijwe ingingo yo kumenya ngo uyu muceri uzahangana gute ku isoko.
