Taliki 21 Werurwe mu 2021 ibihugu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika byasinye amasezerano y’isoko rusange rya Afurika “Africa continental free trade area” (FCFTA). Kuva ubwo zimwe muri leta z’ibihugu zakomeje gushaka uko zateza imbere ubuhahirane mu bihugu bigize uyu mugabane, izindi zibisiga aho byasinyiwe i Kigali.
Ni isoko ryagutse kuko rihuriyeho n’abaguzi barenga Miliyali 1 na Miliyoni 300. Ibyatekerezwaga ko bigiye kwihuta siko byagenze kuko kugeza ubu ubuhahirane hagati mu bihugu bya Afurika buri ku gipimo cya 19% ndetse uyu mugabane ukennye kurusha iyindi ukarenga ugatumiza ibyo kurya bifite agaciro ka Miliyari 75 z’amadolari hanze yawo buri mwaka.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ubunyamamabanga bw’isoko rusange ry’umugabane wa Afurika ku bucuruzi bw’ibiribwa hagati mu bihugu binyamuryango by’aya masezerano, bwerekanye ko bikigoranye guhahirana hagati y’ibihugu binyamuryango. Ababajijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ni abacuruzi b’ibiribwa mu bihugu bitandukanye bya Afurika birimo Ghana, Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, Botswana, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Kenya na Uganda.
Si benshi mu bacuruzi b’abanyarwanda bohereza ibiribwa mu mahanga usanga bafite abaguzi bo mu bihugu by’imbere ku mugabane wa Afurika; gusa imibare itangwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi, NAEB igaragaza ko hari ibihugu byo muri Afurika abanyarwanda bafitemo amasoko y’ibiribwa.
U Rwanda barunenze iki?
Ingano yifuzwa ntiboneka
Abacuruzi b’ibiribwa bagezweho n’ubu bushakashatsi bagaragaje ko ngo bigoye kubona ingano y’ibyo baba bifuza mu Rwanda. Ngo iyo umucuruzi w’umunyarwanda umusabye umusaruro akumva ushaka byinshi uw’inyangamugayo ntiyongera kukwitaba.
Ibi bamwe mu bacuruzi bakemeza ko ahanini biterwa no kuba igihugu cy’u Rwanda gifite ubushake mu gushaka amasoko ariko umusaruro uri imbere mu gihugu ukaba udashobora guhaza ukwifuza kw’abakiriya. Ngo uwasaba kugemurirwa kontineri iyo ari yo yose iturutse mu Rwanda kuyuzuza byasaba iminsi itari mike.
Mu minsi ishize hari abacuruzi baherutse kohereza Avoka i Dubai banyuze mu Nyanja, bakoresha kontineri byasabye ko bateranya umusaruro ibigo by’ubucuruzi bigera kuri 4 byari byegeranyije mu gihugu hose. Hari kandi abajya bakoresha ubu buryo bwa Kontineri bohereza urusenda rwumye mu Bushinwa; aba nabo usanga akenshi bibasaba kumara igihe kinini begeranya umusaruro wuzuye ya kontineri.
Icyanga si kimwe
Kuri iyi ngingo abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko amakuru bahawe ngo ni uko ibiribwa bituruka mu Rwanda kabone n’ubwo waba ari umuzigo uje mu ndege imwe cyangwa se mu bikarito bimwe, ngo icyanga cyawo kiba gitandukanye.
Ibi nta kabuza bifitanye isano na kwa gushakisha uko hakuzuzwa ingano y’umusaruro ukenewe n’abaguzi b’ibiribwa byo mu Rwanda ndetse n’imiterere y’igihugu.
Imiterere y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda si imwe ndetse n’ikirere cy’u Rwanda uwavuga ko atari kimwe ntiyaba yibeshye. U Rwanda rufite ibice bimwe bikonja by’imisozi miremire mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba ndetse rukanagira ibice bishyuha byiganjemo imirambi yo mu burasirazuba n’igice cy’amajyepfo abenshi bita “amayaga”.
Ufashe urugero nko ku rusenda rwoherezwa mu mahanga; abarugura bemeza ko urusenda ruturuka mu bice byo mu burengerazuba n’amajyaruguru rutandukanye cyane n’urwahinzwe mu mirambi n’izuba ryo mu burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda, yaba mu miterere y’uruhu haba no mu cyanga.
Bitewe nuko ntawohereza mu mahanga umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi wari wabasha kugira imirima iri hamwe akuramo umusaruro wose akeneye, usanga abohereza ibi biribwa mu mahanga bagura umusaruro uturutse mu mpande zose z’igihugu. Nta gushidikanya rwose ko icyanga cy’ibiribwa bituruka mu Rwanda kidahora ari kimwe.
Hari n’ubwo uko gushakisha umusaruro bituma umwe wari muzima wangizwa cyangwa ugasigwa ubusembwa n’uburwayi n’uwaturutse ahandi hatitaweho uko bikwiriye.
Ibyangombwa bisabwa ni byinshi
Iyi ngingo n’ubwo benshi mu bacuruza bayinenga u Rwanda, usanga babiterwa ahanini n’imiterere ndetse n’imikorere y’ibihugu itandukanye. Bimwe mu byangombwa bisabwa uwohereza umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi mu Rwanda birimo ibyemeza inkomoko “Origin” bikabamo ibyemeza ubuziranenge “Phytosanitary” “Standards” ndetse bikiyongeraho iby’imisoro.
Ibi abacuruzi bagaragaza ko bisabwa mu nzego nyinshi kandi zitandukanye ndetse ngo rimwe na rimwe hakabamo ibiboneka bigoranye.
N’ubwo nta washyigikira imikorere ya hamwe na hamwe aho usanga ibi byose bisa n’ibitari ngombwa, abacuruzi bo ngo bagaragaje ko mu Rwanda ibyangombwa bisabwa ari byinshi ugereranyije n’ahandi muri Afurika.
Imibare igaragaza ko ubuhahirane bw’ibiribwa bunyuze muri aya masezerano y’isoko rusange rya Afurika hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika yo hagati buri ku gipimo cya 19%, hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika y’amajyaruguru bukaba 18% , hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika y’uburengerazuba ni 17% naho hagati y’ibihugu bya afurika y’iburasirazuba ni 15% mu gihe hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika yo mu majyepfo ari 9%.
Mu biribwa abanyafurika bahahirana hagati yabo imboga ziza ku bwinshi kuko ziri ku gipimo cya 32% by’ibiribwa bihererekanwa mu bihugu by’umugabane wa Afurika mu gihe inyama ari zo ziri ku gipimo cyo hasi 6% .
Uretse imikorere itandukanye y’ibihugu bigize uyu mugabane wa Afurika kandi bimwe mu bituma ubuhahirane budatera imbere kuri uyu mugabane ntawakwirengagiza umutekano mucye no kurebana ay’ingwe kw’ibihugu bya hato na hato, ubukene bw’ibikorwa remezo ndetse n’ingendo z’indege zikigoranye mu bihugu bya Afurika.
